Depictions of Muhammad - Wikipedia. The permissibility of depictions of Muhammad in Islam has been a contentious issue. ![]() One Thousand and One Nights (Arabic: Muhammad The Messenger Of God 2015 Online Full Movie. Film Rating: 8.4/10. Director: Majid Majidi. Actor: Mahdi Pakdel. Release Date: Feb 12 (2015) Language: Urdu. Directed by Majid Majidi. With Hossein Mahjoub, Mohsen Ramezani, Salameh Feyzi, Farahnaz Safari. Mohamed, a young blind boy, returns to his rural home for the summer. Directed by Majid Majidi. With Mahdi Pakdel, Sareh Bayat, Mina Sadati, Ali Reza Shoja-Nuri. The events, trials and tribulations of the city of Makkah in 7th century AD. ![]() Oral and written descriptions of Muhammad are readily accepted by all traditions of Islam, but there is disagreement about visual depictions. The Muslim artists creating images of Muhammad, and the public who beheld them, understood that the images were not objects of worship. Nor were the objects so decorated used as part of religious worship. In the Middle Ages they were mostly hostile, and most often appear in illustrations of Dante's poetry. In the Renaissance and Early Modern period, Muhammad was sometimes depicted, typically in a more neutral or heroic light. These depictions began to encounter protests from Muslims, and in the age of the internet, a handful of caricature depictions printed in the European press have caused global protests and controversy, and been associated with violence. Background. In Islam, although nothing in the Quran explicitly bans images, some supplemental hadith explicitly ban the drawing of images of any living creature; other hadith tolerate images, but never encourage them. The permissibility of depictions of Muhammad in Islam has been a contentious issue. Oral and written descriptions of Muhammad are readily accepted by all traditions. Movie Posters: We have original American movie posters, vintage and new; also movie posters from most other world film industries in many languages; Egyptian Arabic. Synthesis of suspensions of nanosize particles of Fe3O4 was carried out in bulk aqueous solutions without the presence of surfactants. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were. All rights reserved. You have NEVER seen Deepika Padukone like this before as she shoots with Majid Majidi, see pics Deepika Padukone is shooting for Iranian filmmaker Majid Majidi's next. By using Dailymotion, you are giving. Hence, most Muslims avoid visual depictions of Muhammad or any other prophet such as Moses or Abraham. In Judaism, one of the Ten Commandments forbids . In Byzantine Christianity during the periods of Iconoclasm in the 8th century, and again during the 9th century, visual representations of sacred figures were forbidden, and only the Cross could be depicted in churches. The visual representation of Jesus and other religious figures remains a concern in parts of Protestant Christianity. Abu Hanifa Dinawari, Ibn al- Faqih, Ibn Wahshiyya and Abu Nu`aym tell versions of a story in which the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius is visited by two Meccans. He shows them a cabinet, handed down to him from Alexander the Great and originally created by God for Adam, each of whose drawers contains a portrait of a prophet. They are astonished to see a portrait of Muhammad in the final drawer. Sadid al- Din al- Kazaruni tells a similar story in which the Meccans are visiting the king of China. Kisa'i tells that God did indeed give portraits of the prophets to Adam. There he sees the images of Muhammad and Abu Bakr, as yet unidentified by the Christians. The king liked the portrait so much that he placed it on his pillow. He asks the envoy to describe Muhammad and checks the description against a portrait of an unknown prophet which he has on a piece of cloth. The description matches the portrait. The king is so enamoured of the portrait that he is converted to Islam, at which point the portrait, having done its job, disappears. One description sourced to Ali ibn Abi Talib is as follows: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, is neither too short nor too tall. His hair are neither curly nor straight, but a mixture of the two. He is a man of black hair and large skull. His complexion has a tinge of redness. His shoulder bones are broad and his palms and feet are fleshy. He has long al- masrubah which means hair growing from neck to navel. He is of long eye- lashes, close eyebrows, smooth and shining fore- head and long space between two shoulders. When he walks he walks inclining as if coming down from a height. While containing a concrete and artistically appealing description of Muhammad's appearance, they complied with the strictures against figurative depictions of Muhammad, leaving his appearance to the viewer's imagination. Several parts of the complex design were named after parts of the body, from the head downwards, indicating the explicit intention of the hilya as a substitute for a figurative depiction. Hilye by Kazasker Mustafa . Such inscriptions are normally in Arabic, and may rearrange or repeat forms, or add a blessing or honorific, or for example the word . The range of ways of representing Muhammad's name is considerable, including ambigrams; he is also frequently symbolised by a rose. The more elaborate versions relate to other Islamic traditions of special forms of calligraphy such as those writing the names of God, and the secular tughra or elaborate monogram of Ottoman rulers. Muhammad's name in Thuluth, an Arabic calligraphic script; the smaller writing in the top left means . The illustrated book from the Persianate world (Warka and Gulshah, Topkapi Palace Library H. Konya 1. 20. 0–1. Islamic depictions of Muhammad. Recent scholarship has noted that, although surviving early examples are now uncommon, generally human figurative art was a continuous tradition in Islamic lands (such as in literature, science, and history); as early as the 8th century, such art flourished during the Abbasid Caliphate (c. Spain, North Africa, Egypt, Syria, Turkey, Mesopotamia, and Persia). In some cases the inscription appears to have been an underpainting that would later be covered by a face or veil, so a pious act by the painter, for his eyes alone, but in others it was intended to be seen. The Ilkhanid MS Arab 1. Al- Biruni's The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries, of which five include depictions Muhammad, including the two concluding images, the largest and most accomplished in the manuscript, which emphasize the relation of Muhammad and `Ali according to Shi`ite doctrine. Perhaps the most elaborate cycle of illustrations of Muhammad's life is the copy, completed in 1. Siyer- i Nebi commissioned by the Ottoman sultan Murat III for his son, the future Mehmed III, containing over 8. Such practices are most easily documented in the 1. A halo or flame may surround only his head, but often his whole body, and in some images the body itself cannot be seen for the halo. This form of representation, which began at the start of the Safavid period in Persia. Arnold (1. 86. 4–1. Islamic art, stated that . Mosques have never been decorated with religious pictures, nor has a pictorial art been employed for the instruction of the heathen or for the edification of the faithful. For example, in 1. Turkish author of a Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca was banned in Pakistan because it contained reproductions of miniatures showing Muhammad unveiled. Timurid. Herat, Afghanistan. Muhammad's ascent into the Heavens, a journey known as the Mi'raj, as depicted in a copy of the Bostan of Saadi. Miraj image from 1. Safavid convention of depicting Muhammad veiled. Both Muhammad (upper right) and Ali (center) are depicted as columns of flame rather than illustrated directly. Contemporary Iran. A colourised version of the original photograph by Lehnert & Landrock, which later became the base of an Iranian depiction of a young Muhammad. Despite the ban on the representation of Muhammad, images of Muhammed are not uncommon in Iran. The Iranian Shi'ism seems more tolerant on this point than Sunnite orthodoxy. By crediting the image to a Christian and predating it to the time before Muhammad became a prophet, the manufacturers of the image exonerate themselves from any wrongdoing. The 1. 97. 6 film The Message, also known as Mohammad, Messenger of God, focused on other persons and never directly showed Muhammad or most members of his family. A devotional cartoon called Muhammad: The Last Prophet was released in 2. It is the first part of the trilogy film series on Muhammad by Majid Majidi. While Sunni Muslims have always explicitly prohibited the depiction of Muhammad on film. Muhammad sometimes figures in Western depictions of groups of influential people in world history. Such depictions tend to be favourable or neutral in intent; one example can be found at the United States Supreme Court building in Washington, D. C. Created in 1. 93. Muhammad alongside Hammurabi, Moses, Confucius, and others. In 1. 99. 7, a controversy erupted surrounding the frieze, and tourist materials have since been edited to describe the depiction as . Islamic art has almost always avoided large sculptures of any subject, especially free- standing ones; only a few animals are known, mostly fountain- heads, like those in the Lion Court of the Alhambra; the Pisa Griffin is perhaps the largest. In 1. 99. 7, the Council on American–Islamic Relations, a Muslim advocacy group in the United States, wrote to United States Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist requesting that the sculpted representation of the Prophet Muhammad on the north frieze inside the Supreme Court building be removed or sanded down. The court rejected CAIR's request.! See how twisted and broken Mohammed is! Before me walks Ali, his face Cleft from chin to crown, grief–stricken. Muhammad is represented in a 1. Last Judgement by Giovanni da Modena and drawing on Dante, in the Church of San Petronio, Bologna, Italy. In the subsequent weeks, the magazine received protests, petitions and threats against publishing the picture of Muhammad. The Turkish TV- station Show TV broadcast the telephone number of an editor who then received daily calls. Elyas recommended to whiten the face of Muhammad instead. In late 2. 00. 5 and early 2. Danish Muslim organizations ignited a controversy through public protests and by spreading knowledge of the publication of the cartoons. In 2. 00. 6, when her involvement was revealed to the public, she had to resign. The image was later removed from the 2. In the episode, . However, Comedy Central, who airs South Park, rejected the scene, citing concerns of violent protests in the Islamic world. The creators of South Park reacted by instead satirizing Comedy Central's double standard for broadcast acceptability by including a segment of . Bush and Jesus defecate on the flag of the United States. The Lars Vilks Muhammad drawings controversy began in July 2. Swedish artist Lars Vilks which depicted Muhammad as a roundabout dog. Several art galleries in Sweden declined to show the drawings, citing security concerns and fear of violence. The controversy gained international attention after the . The interim government confiscated copies of the Bengali- language Prothom Alo in which the drawings appeared. College of Agronomy Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha- 4. China *(e- mail : ybzou. ABSTRACT To indentify the key factors that are critical to the high grain yield of loose- panicle super hybrid rice, grain yield, yield components and grain- filling characteristics were compared between a loose- panicle (Zhunliangyou 5. Y- liangyou 1) super hybrid rice by using data from three field experiments conducted in Hunan province, China during 2. Average grain yields were 9. Zhunliangyou 5. 27 and 9. Y- liangyou 1, showing no significant difference between the two cultivars. Zhunliangyou 5. 27 produced significantly less spikelets per panicle than Y- liangyou 1, which resulted in smaller sink size (spikelets/m. However, spikelet filling percentage and especially grain weight of Zhunliangyou 5. Y- liangyou 1. High grain capacity, grain- filling rate and source capacity were responsible for the high grain weight of Zhunliangyou 5. Our study suggests that developing cultivars with high grain weight through breeding programme may also be a feasible approach to achieve high rice yield. Vidyasagar . Vibha Seeds, Vibha Agrotech Ltd., INSPIRE Plot # 2. Sector 1, HUDA Techno Enclave High Tech City Road, Madhapur, Hyderabad- 5. Andhra Pradesh), India *(e- mail : Ratikanta. ABSTRACT Drought is the major problem among all the abiotic stresses. Selection of drought resistant lines is very important for good crop production and better yield under sustainable agriculture. It is essential to identify genotypic variability for drought resistance and selecting drought resistant lines and effective use in breeding programme. Simple technique is adapted to screen the rice varieties and germplasm for drought resistance. Twenty- seven rice varieties were screened for drought resistance at seedling stage by applying drought cycles in polyhouse. Drought resistant varieties showed high percentage of seedling survival, deep root system, stay green character and good recovery after drought period. Especially the root system contributed drought resistance in these varieties. Five varieties were selected for drought resistance which included VBR- 6. VBR- 6. 30, VBR- 6. Komal- Check and Silky- Check. These varieties can be grown in drought prone areas to test their performance and yield potential under drought condition. Rajkumar and R. Vibha Agrotech Ltd. High Tech City, Hyderabad- 5. A. P.), India *(e- mail : ncsiari@rediffmail. ABSTRACT The present experiment was conducted to study salinity tolerance of nine local rice varieties obtained from Sundarbans Region (Coastal Alluvial Region–saline prone areas) of West Bengal, including two salinity tolerant and two susceptible check varieties from Hyderabad. These varieties were tested at different levels of salinity (0. M, 0. 1 M with EC 9, 0. M with EC 1. 3. 6 and 0. M with EC 1. 8. 7 d. S/m) using a new semi- hydroponic technique. The results revealed that increasing salinity decreased emergence and seedling growth. The results also showed that large variability was present for emergence and seedling growth of different rice varieties to different Na. Cl concentrations. The technique is capable of distinguishing among rice varieties for salinity tolerance at the seedling stage. Among the varieties screened Marrirsail, Malabati, Sabita Patnai and Doodheswar were found highly tolerant at EC 1. Tolerant varieties showed high seedling emergence (%), seedling vigour index, root/shoot ratio at 0. M Na. Cl (EC 1. 3. S/m) and 0. 2 M Na. Cl (EC 1. 8 d. S/m). Most of the varieties performed well up to 0. M Na. Cl (EC 9 d. S/m). 4. XIAOHONG YIN, MIN HUANG, WENSHI GUAN, FANGBO CAO AND YINGBIN ZOU . College of Agronomy Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha- 4. China *(e- mail : ybzou. ABSTRACT To determine the effect of wide plant spacing on yield formation of hybrid rice in southern China, a field experiment was conducted in Wuzhou, Guangxi Province in late rice- growing season in 2. Grain yield, yield components and biomass production of two hybrid rice cultivars (Liangyoupeijiu and II- you 6. Wide plant spacing produced 1. Liangyoupeijiu, while for II- you 6. For Liangyoupeijiu, wide plant spacing had 1. Aboveground biomass, harvest index and crop growth rate were less under wide plant spacing than under normal plant spacing by 1. Wide plant spacing is unsuitable for hybrid rice production in southern China. Xiaohong Yin, Min Huang, Yingbin Zou*, Peng Jiang, Fangbo Cao and Xiaobing Xie . College of Agronomy Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha- 4. China *(e- mail : ybzou. ABSTRACT This study was aimed at determining whether chlorophyll meter (SPAD) can be used to increase N- use efficiency in no- till direct seeded rice. Field experiments were conducted in Yongzhou and Nanxian, Hunan Province, China in 2. Two N management treatments were imposed in each site : SPAD- based N management (SBNM) and recommended fix- timing N management (FTNM). Partial factor productivity of applied N (PFPN), grain yield, yield components, biomass production and related physiological traits were measured for each N management. Averaged across two sites, SBNM increased PFPN by 2. FTNM. The higher PFPN in SBNM was attributed to reduced N application rate. Moreover, PFPN differed with site. Nanxian had higher PFPN than Yongzhou, especially in SBNM (a more than 5. N application rate and higher grain yield. High soil fertility contributed to the increased grain yield in Nanxian. Nanxian had more panicle number per m. Yongzhou, which resulted in greater sink size (spikelets per m. Nanxian produced more aboveground biomass during pre- heading period but less aboveground biomass during post- heading period than Yongzhou, and the former led to higher total aboveground biomass accumulation. Low photosynthetic rate and accelerated leaf senescence were partly responsible for the low aboveground biomass accumulation during post- heading period in Nanxian. Our study suggests that increased PFPN is possible using a SPAD to guide N application on no- till direct seeded rice, and it will be more effective to increase PFPN by using SBNM combined with improving soil fertility and optimizing canopy development. SWAPANA SEPEHYA, SURESH KUMAR SUBEHIA*, SURESH CHANDER NEGI, SURENDRA SINGH RANA AND SURESH KUMAR SHARMA . Department of Agronomy, Foragesand Grassland Management CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur- 1. H. P.), India *(e- mail : subehia@gmail. ABSTRACT Effect of long- term addition of chemical fertilizers alone or in conjunction with organics was studied on different forms of potassium in soil and their relationship with rice yield and K uptake. Continuous addition of chemical fertilizers along with different organics improved all the potassium fractions in soil over control. Integrated use of chemical fertilizers and different organics viz., farm yard manure (FYM), wheat cut straw (WCS) and Sesbania aculeate as green manure (GM) sustained higher yields of rice in comparison to inorganic fertilizers alone. Application of 5. NPK through chemical fertilizers+5. N through organics in kharif followed by 1. NPK through chemical fertilizers in rabi produced highest (4. Accordingly, potassium uptake was also higher under this treatment. A significant positive correlation amongst the different forms of potassium in soil suggested the existence of dynamic equilibrium amongst themselves. Grain and straw yield of rice was also positively and significantly correlated with all the fractions of potassium in soil. The degree of correlation in respect of rice yield was highest with exchangeable K (0. Uptake of potassium in grain and straw and total K uptake was also positively and significantly correlated with all the fractions of potassium. A highest correlation of total K uptake (0. K. 7. A. Modhej* and S. Jafarizadeh . Department of Agronomy Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran *(e- mail : adelmodhej. ABSTRACT In order to study the effect of mallow weed competition and nitrogen (N) rates on grain yield and yield components of wheat cv. Chamran, a field experiment was conducted in 2. The experiment was designed as a split- plot with three replications and additive series. The N application rates were assigned in the main plots (5. N/ha) and sub- plots consisted of target common mallow (Mava spp.) densities (0, 5, 1. Results indicated that the effect of nitrogen (N) treatments, weed density (WD) and N . Grain yield decreased significantly as the WD increased. Grain yield reduction in high weed densities was due to lower spikes/m. S/m. 2), grains per spike (GN) and 1. Under a density of 2. GY, S/m. 2, GN, spikelets per spike and 1. Wheat grain yield loss attributed to mallow weed ranged from 7 to 3. N/ha to 9 to 2. 1. N/ha. The highest and the lowest weed individual dry weight belonged to 2. N/ha, respectively. Agronomic N efficiency (ANE) of wheat decreased as the weed density increased. Wheat grain yield in mallow infected plot generally enhanced with N fertilization, while the density of mallow weed increased. Wheat competitiveness, GY and ANE were improved as N rate increased. Farshad Ghooshchi*, Hamid Reza Tohidi Moghadam and Shahram Lack . Department of Agronomy Varamin- Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Tehran, Iran *(e- mail : ghooshchi@yahoo. ABSTRACT As the level of molybdenum pollution in the environment is increasing, it is essential to understand the functional roles and toxic effects of molybdenum in plants. Plants have different resistance mechanisms against heavy metal toxicity. Increase of antioxidant enzyme activity is one of the most important mechanisms in higher plants. In order to identify resistance mechanisms in wheat, barley and canola, some samples were collected from contaminated and uncontaminated regions to study biochemical changes due to molybdenum stress. The results showed that the highest molybdenum concentration was observed in canola, wheat and barley leaves, respectively.
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